Obat dari Rumah sakit :
a. Mefinal _ Mefenamic Acid 500 mg
- Pain relief, such as for pain following a medical procedure, from straining a muscle, or from inflammation in a tendon (tendonitis) or bursa (bursitis). Mefenamic acid can also be used to treat general pain, such as knee pain, lower back pain, or neck pain. For both of these cases, the drug is used to treat short-term pain that is not expected to last more than one week.
- Relief of painful menstrual periods.
Side Effects of Mefenamic Acid: An Overview
Common mefenamic acid side effects may include swelling, increased liver enzymes, and gas. There are also some rare but possible side effects that occur in less than 1 percent of people, including bladder infection, spinning sensation, congestive heart failure, and high blood pressure. Seek medical attention immediately if you experience an allergic reaction, stomach or intestine problems, or unexplained weight gain while taking mefenamic acid.- Dose of mefenamic acid
- Age
- Other medical conditions
- Current medicines.
- Chest pain
- Shortness of breath
- Weakness on one side of your body
- Slurred speech.
- Allergic reactions, such as:
- Swelling of the face or body
- Blisters
- Unexplained skin rash
- Wheezing
- Difficulty breathing
- Stomach or intestine problems, including bleeding, ulcers, or a hole (known as a perforation)
- Liver damage, which can cause:
- Nausea
- Fatigue
- Yellowing of the skin or whites of the eyes (jaundice)
- Excessive tiredness
- Kidney problems, including kidney failure
- Fluid retention or unexplained weight gain (see Ponstel and Weight Gain)
- Congestive heart failure.
- Bloody nose
- Black, tarry stools
- Blood in the urine or stools
- Vomiting blood
- Red or purple spots on the skin.
b. Cefat _ ceafdroxil 500 mg
| Komposisi | ||
| Cefadroxil 500, tiap kapsul mengandung cefadroxil monohydrate setara dengan cefadroxil 500 mg. | ||
| Cara Kerja | ||
| Cefadroxil adalah antibiotika semisintetik golongan sefalosforin untuk pemakaian oral. Cefadroxil bersifat bakterisid dengan jalan menghambat sintesa dinding sel bakteri. Cefadroxil aktif terhadap Streptococcus beta-hemolytic, Staphylococcus aureus (termasuk penghasil enzim penisilinase), Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella sp, Moraxella catarrhalis. | ||
| Indikasi | ||
| Cefadroxil diindikasikan untuk pengobatan infeksi yang disebabkan oleh mikroorganisme yang sensitif seperti : - Infeksi saluran pernafasan : tonsillitis, faringitis, pneumonia, otitis media. - Infeksi kulit dan jaringan lunak. - Infeksi saluran kemih dan kelamin. - Infeksi lain : osteomielitis dan septisemia. |
Dewasa :
Infeksi saluran kemih :
Infeksi saluran kemih bagian bawah, seperti sistitis : 1 – 2 g sehari dalam dosis tunggal atau dua dosis terbagi, infeksi saluran kemih lainnya 2 g sehari dalam dosis terbagi.
Infeksi kulit dan jaringan lunak : 1 g sehari dalam dosis tunggal atau dua dosis terbagi.
Infeksi saluran pernafasan :
Infeksi ringan, dosis lazim 1 gram sehari dalam dua dosis terbagi.
Infeksi sedang sampai berat, 1 – 2 gram sehari dalam dua dosis terbagi. Untuk faringitis dan tonsilitis yang disebabkan oleh Streptococcus beta-hemolytic : 1 g sehari dalam dosis tunggal atau dua dosis terbagi, pengobatan diberikan minimal selama 10 hari.
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General use
Cefadroxil is a first-generation cephalosporin antibacterial drug that is the para-hydroxy derivative of cefalexin, and is used similarly in the treatment of mild to moderate susceptible infections such as the bacteria "Streptococcus pyogenes", otherwise known as strep throat.
Pharmacokinetics
Cefadroxil is almost completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. After doses of 500 mg and 1 g by mouth, peak plasma concentrations of about 16 and 30 micrograms/mL respectively are obtained after 1.5 to 2 hours. Although peak concentrations are similar to those of cefalexin, plasma concentrations are more sustained. Dosage with food does not appear to affect the absorption of cefadroxil. About 20% of cefadroxil is reported to be bound to plasma proteins. The plasma half-life of cefadroxil is about 1.5 hours and is prolonged in patients with renal impairment.
Cefadroxil is widely distributed to body tissues and fluids. It crosses the placenta and appears in breast milk.
More than 90% of a dose of cefadroxil may be excreted unchanged in the urine within 24 hours by glomerular filtration and tubular secretion; peak urinary concentrations of 1.8 mg/mL have been reported after a dose of 500 mg. Cefadroxil is removed by haemodialysis.
Dosage
Cefadroxil is given by mouth, and doses are expressed in terms of the anhydrous substance; 1.04 g of cefadroxil monohydrate is equivalent to about 1 g of anhydrous cefadroxil.
Side effects
The most common side effects of Cefadroxil are diarrhea (which, less commonly, may be bloody), nausea, upset stomach, and vomiting. Other side effects include[1]:
- Rashes
- Hives
- Itching
- Red, swollen, or blistered skin
- Unusual bruising or bleeding
- Sore throat
- Difficulty breathing
- Tightness in the chest
- Swelling of the mouth, face, lips, or tongue
- Decreased urination
- Dark urine
- Vaginal itching, odor, or discharge
- Fever
- Chills
- Joint pain
- Seizures
- Cramps
- Unusual tiredness or weakness
- Yellowing of the skin or eyes
Dental use
Cefadroxil is used as an antibiotic prophylaxis before dental procedures.
(Always consider Amoxicillin plus Metronidazole as first line of treatment for dental procedures. In Case of penicillin allergy consider "Cefadroxil" for prophylaxis.)
Veterinary use
Can be used for treating infected wounds on animals. Usually in powder form mixed with water has a color and smell similar to Tang. Given orally to animals, amount dependent on their weight and severity of infection.
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